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In order to translate observed breathing patterns and smoking behavior into biological effects, we combined the small airway-on-a-chip with a smoking machine that burns cigarettes and a microrespirator that inhales and exhales small volumes of cigarette smoke and fresh air in and out of the epithelium-lined channel in programmable intervals mimicking true smoking behavior, said Richard Novak, a co-author of the study and a senior staff engineer at the Wyss Institute, who helped design the smoking instrument

- ( How is Cigarette Smoke Harmful for the Body

Fortunately, they were able to patch things up in time to keep the show on air

The valve that blocks acid from entering the esophagus is made of smooth muscle, smoking cigarettes may be increasing your risk for heartburn

95% CI, 33 to 100