puff and stuff tobacco Good Pipe 1 lb (16oz) PUFF N STUFF 2 SMOKE

A UC Davis health topic on hookah lists the following as just a few of many health risks: Smoking a hookah for 45 minutes is the same as chain smoking 15 cigarettes

we should neither avoid its toxic effects nor ignore its pharmacological effects

Other factors that may increase the risk of oral cancer include: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Previous radiation therapy to the head, neck, or both Exposure to certain chemicals, especially asbestos, sulphuric acid, and formaldehyde Having a long-term injury or chronic trauma, such as from rough teeth Drinking very hot mate tea, which is common in South America Eating a healthy diet with plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk of the disease

14 Lowering the cut-off value to 12 ng/ml slightly reduces sensitivity to 96.7% and specificity to 96.9%

Nevertheless, that does not mean that theyre any less iconic than their categorised cousins