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Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with bacterial pneumonia (Simet and Sisson, 2015), and accumulation of fluid in the lungs due to epithelial barrier dysfunction as seen in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) ( FIGURE 2 The first line of defense against microbial pathogens and debris in the respiratory system is the physical barriers and mucociliary transport

Our work/school schedules conflicted with one another's

The NHS also notes there is no identified harm to bystanders from second-hand vapour, which is a clear contrast with second-hand cigarette smoke

A study published in 2024 found that the number of cigarettes smoked by the average smoker remained stable between October 2019 and 2023 (note that this contradicts ASHs assertion that there has been reduced consumption among those who still smoke)

however, the Government should be doing its best to reduce smoking prevalence rapidly and equitably using evidence-based methods