[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 12.Botelho F.M., Gaschler G.J., Kianpour S., Zavitz C.C., Trimble N.J., Nikota J.K., Bauer C.M., Stampfli M.R
The percentage of American middle and high school students using the devices has more than doubled from 2011 to 2012, the CDC reported in a recent National Youth Tobacco Survey
These include self-report and objective measures of smoking behavior, and smoking/vaping norms assessed by self-report and experimental methods
April 2026: Achieve Life Sciences reported completion of analytical method technology transfer for cytisinicline to Adare Pharma Solutions in Vandalia, Ohio
Understanding these patterns is critical to designing equitable tobacco control and harm reduction policies that address the structural barriers faced by disadvantaged groups