Our understanding of stance is informed by the work of Du Bois (2007), who defines stance as a public act by a social actor, achieved dialogically through overt communicative means (language, gesture, and other symbolic forms), of simultaneously evaluating objects, positioning subjects (self and others), and aligning with other subjects, with respect to any salient dimension of the sociocultural field. Among the aspects of this definition which we want to highlight are its multimodal orientation, not restricting itself to the verbal stream in communication ( cf
National Survey of Smoking and Smoking Cessation Education Within UK Midwifery School Curricula
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But because they are single-use and contribute to waste concerns, some markets are looking for greener alternatives or regulatory requirements
A key component of MI is the use of open-ended questions, reflective listening, and affirmations to explore the smoker's ambivalence about quitting